Demonstrative Speech (3-4 mins) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Demonstrative Speech (3-4 mins) - Essay Example After you got it rinsed, pour some clear water over the rice, so that the level of water would be twice as high as the level of rice in the cooking pot. Note that different kinds of rice have different consistencies after cooking. So if you want a dish with crisp rice - long grain kind of rice should be taken (for instance, basmati rice). Risotto though requires more sticky kind of rice, better to use ordinary rice available in all stores. Put the cooking pot on the hot plate for cooking the rice you’ve prepared. Once the water starts boiling, mix the rice mass in the cooking pot in order to prevent rice’s adherence to the bottom of the cooking pot. After boiling, cover the cooking pot with a cover, then reduce the heat of the hot plate and leave it until the water inside gets completely absorbed; it will take 15-20 minutes. After 15 minutes pass, turn off the hot plate and let the dish stand for few minutes. Then, add salt and butter. And here you are your extremely de licious rice is ready to be

Health and Safety act 1974 Essay Example for Free

Health and Safety act 1974 Essay The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, also referred to as HASAW or HSW, is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in the United Kingdom. The Health and Safety Executive is responsible for enforcing the Act and a number of other Acts and Statutory Instruments relevant to the working environment.Covers: †¢ safe plant and systems of work; †¢ safe methods for the use, handling, storage and transport of articles and substances; †¢ necessary information, instruction, training and supervision; †¢ a safe and well-maintained workplace, including safe access and egress; †¢ a safe working environment with adequate welfare facilities This legislation requires employers to prepare, and maintain up-to-date, a statement showing the policy on safety and the organisation and arrangements put in place to ensure the general policy is carried out. The employer must ensure that all employees are aware of the policy and any revision. Manufacturing organisation: Tasty Bake- Tasty Bake is one of the UKs leading sausage manufacturers. Cardamon Pod- Cardamon Pod is a small business offering a wide range of delicious savoury and sweet samosas to both public and private clients throughout the UK and overseas. Service provider: Chef per Tutti offering a private chef service. Planglow Ltd. Planglow is a recognised market leader for the supply of branded paper-based products to the catering industry. Main causes of injury: †¢ Manual handling and lifting especially lifting heavy and awkward loads and pushing wheeled racks †¢ Slips and trips mostly due to wet or contaminated floors †¢ Falls from height off ladders, stairs, work platforms, plant and vehicles †¢ Struck by an object (eg hand knife) or striking against an object (eg plant) †¢ Exposure to harmful substances and hot objects, eg splashes/vapour from cleaning chemicals, contact with hot equipment Electricity at work regulations 1989 This legislation places legal implications on employers to ensure the safety of electrical devices in the workplace. Covers: †¢ Ensure all persons working on or near electrical equipment are competent, to prevent danger and injury †¢ Maintain electrical systems in safe condition †¢ Carry out electrical work safely †¢ Ensure equipment is suitable and safe to use in terms:- of strength and capability of use in adverse or hazardous environments e.g. weather, dirt, dust, gases, mechanical hazards, flammable atmospheres, etc †¢ Ensure effective insulation of conductors in a system This legislation is requires precautions to be taken against the risk of death or personal injury from electricity during work activities. Manufacturing organisation: McKinlay Electrical Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Elkay Electrical Manufacturing Company Ltd Customer providers: Southern Electric E-on Main hazards: †¢ Electric shock †¢ Electric burns †¢ Fires of electrical origin †¢ Electric arcing causing â€Å"Arc Eye† †¢ Explosions initiated or caused by electricity Display screen equipment regulations 1992 The Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 aim to protect the health of people who work with DSE. The Regulations were introduced because DSE has become one of the most common kinds of work equipment. Covers: †¢ Assess display screen equipment workstations and reduce any risks which are discovered. †¢ Make sure that workstations satisfy the essential safety requirements which are set for the display screen, keyboard, desk and chair, working environment, task design and software †¢ Plan display screen equipment work so that there are breaks or changes of activity †¢ Provide information and training for display screen equipment users This legislation requires: †¢ Employers have to carry out a suitable and sufficient analysis of all workstations provided for use by users or operators in other words, a risk assessment. †¢ DSE workstations must meet the Schedule of Minimum Requirements. †¢ Employers have to ensure that users get periodic breaks or changes of activity away from the display screen equipment. †¢ Employers have to provide information to users and operators on risks identified by the assessment, steps taken to reduce the risks, and, where appropriate, the systems for breaks and for eyesight tests. Manufacturing organisation: Computer manufacturers: Dell, Asus. Customer providers: Shops – Asda, Tesco, Boots, they are using screen equipment. Accountant assistant job – working with computers. Risks: †¢ Upper Limb Disorders aches and pains in the hands, wrists, arms, neck, shoulders, back etc. †¢ Visual Difficulties eyes can become tired and existing conditions can become more noticeable.

The fast food industry

The fast food industry INTRODUCTION In the fast food industry, nothing comes close to McDonalds as this company has stamped its mark as one of the leading fast food chains in its industry. Founded back in 1955 by Ray Kroc, who single handedly opened the first McDonalds in Des Plaines, Illinois. Though Kroc died in the year 1984, his contribution and success still remains thus making him a legend. That was considered as a stepping stone for the restaurant as it has since then grew into one of the largest fast food chains in the world. As of today, McDonalds has over 30000 restaurants world wide in over 100 countries serving up to approximately 47 million customers daily. McDonalds has successful stamp its mark especially in Asian countries like Japan, Thailand, and Malaysia where it has monopolized the fast food industry. Out of all the McDonald restaurants in the world, 70% of them are owned by independent businessman and woman due to its popularity and high demand making it worth while for investment purposes. Since t he corporation had make such a big profit out of this fast food chain, it is now heading not just one but a few other restaurants such as Aroma Cafà ©, Boston Market, Chipotle Mexican Grill, and Donatos Pizza. Demands for McDonalds are higher in foreign countries outside U.S.A thus causing the corporation to open the restaurant as much as four times more than in the U.S.A. This is due to the fact that foreign countries contributed to more than half of the turnover yearly. MCDONALDS INTERNATIONAL MARKETING MIX STRATEGIES Product McDonalds corporate try to redesign its different of products to adapt to the local needs to achieving economies of scale. McDonalds has studies the difference of culture in whole world. For example India country, beef is not served to the India. Indians are religious sensitive and most of Indians are vegetarian. So, McDonalds are served only chicken or fish and 100 percentage of vegetarian menu. Meat and vegetarian meals are provided in separate areas of the restaurant because this is religious of laws to prepare vegetarians and meat-caters. McDonalds is serving â€Å"Chicken Maharaja Mac† and â€Å"McVeggie† meal in India. For other instance Malaysia country, Malaysia is a Muslim country, so McDonalds do not served pork. McDonalds are served chicken or fish or beef. Malaysians likes to eat hot and spicy foods as well. So, McDonald is serving â€Å"Ayam Goreng McD† and â€Å"Spicy Chicken McDeluxe†. Besides that, they are serving beef too. â€Å"BigMac† and â€Å"Quarter Pounder with Cheese† are popular meal McDonalds outlets in Malaysia. Overall, McDonalds in general serves a rather wide variety of food considering the fact that it differs in certain countries for example, the Quarter Pounder Beef Burger is not served in India. This is to help satisfy the needs of everyone with different taste in food, thus attracting more customers to the restaurant. McDonalds also focuses a lot on the happy meals which are meant for children, each happy meal purchased entitles the child to a free toy. This proves vital as it can help in the sales revenue of the restaurant and also attract more family oriented customers to the restaurant. Branding A successful brand building can make its corporate becomes successful and defeated the stronger competitors. David (2001) states that ‘the Profit Impact of Marketing Strategy project shows that return on investment is related to a brands share of the market: bigger brands yield higher returns than smaller brands. Everyone knew that Coca-Cola is the most famous beverage in the world. McDonalds are severed the global brands soft drink, so it is will increase the reputations McDonalds. Both of corporations are getting benefits and making profitable. So, brand image may effect on product life cycle. Price Malaysias economic is better than India. India is lack of technology and purchasing power status is lower than Malaysia. So, that McDonalds has charged the different price in between Malaysia and India. Stuart et al. (2010) stated that exchange rate is influenced by a range of complex forces in the foreign exchange markets and may not accurately reflect the purchasing power of one countrys currency in another country. Malaysias standard living is higher than India. So that Malaysians have higher incomes and purchasing power compare to the Indians. McDonalds think that consumers purchasing power is limited and attract more customers affordable to buy their meals, so that McDonalds had charged the different price in different countries. For example, â€Å"McChicken† is a general set meal sells in McDonalds every country. McDonalds are selling â€Å"McChicken† worth RM 6.10 in Malaysia. Compared in India, McDonalds only sell this meal Rupee 65, convert to Ringgit Malaysia is RM 4.75. Besides that, McDonalds are also attracting its customers with lunch packages at affordable rates, for example in Malaysia, McDonalds lunch package such as â€Å"McValue Lunch† is a limited to a time from 12pm to 3pm at a price range from RM 5.95 making it affordable for everyone compared to the usual RM 9.50 price. This lunch package is mainly to attract students and office workers as the lunch hour in Malaysia for office workers are standardize from the time of 12pm to 2pm and students also finish classes at 12pm making it convenient for everyone to drop by and have lunch. Promotion Technology transfers are the most important to the national and international businesses. Advertising can make McDonalds more efficient to the host countries. For example Malaysia country, Most of Malaysians are have own a televisions. So that McDonalds focus the technology infrastructure of the Malaysia to promote its products by TV commercials. McDonalds also promote its product through by magazines, brochures and newspapers. McDonalds are trying to redesign new products many times to satisfy customers need and finally provided â€Å"Weekday Breakfast Special† and â€Å"McValue Lunch†. McDonalds also will provide a special set meal â€Å"Prosperity Burger† only for the Chinese New Year festive season in Malaysia. Indias standard living is lower than Malaysia. India country is lack of technology. So, McDonalds to promote its product most of times using by billboards and leaflets. McDonalds are shifted from â€Å"McDonalds mein hai kuch baat† to â€Å"To aaj McDonalds ho jaaye†. The reason changed is encouraging Indian customers to visit McDonalds more often with their family and enjoy their time out. It is create awareness to attract more customers visit McDonalds. In general, McDonalds have used promotion as a way of getting customers attention to get what they want or what is being promoted. Customers will then be encouraged to buy the item as actions taken by customers are usually sufficient in terms of purchases. Promotions, usually being advertise on billboards, cinemas and television all have one purpose, which is to obtain awareness from viewers and making sure they remember it. Place Placement, also known as distribution channel is very important for the international marketers. It is affected the product is available to the customer at the right place, at the right time and in the right quantity and price. For example, Malaysia is a technology country. Most of Malaysians are busy working. They have no enough time to have their breakfast and lunch. So McDonalds are located â€Å"Drive-Thru† to make easier availability for providing product and services to the customers. It can help Malaysians to save time and money too. For instance, India is a country which lack technology due to low economic status. Most of Indians are having transportation problems. So, Indian can have McDonalds meals through by â€Å"McDelivery† system. It could easy delivery products to the India customers. In Malaysia, McDonald franchises have become a common investment among local businessman and woman as more restaurants have been set up in most towns and major cities. Every McDonald restaurant has been strategically set up in Malaysia as it only takes the corner lot of every shop lot. This allows the restaurant to occupy more space thus attracting more attention from passerbys. Some franchises also occupy a small building of its own with a private parking bay and drive through accessibility. On the other hand, most McDonald restaurants are also equipped with WIFI services thus allowing customers to enjoy their meals while surfing the internet or working on their assignments. This proves vital as it is an attraction to many customers especially younger generation people. SUGGESTIONS Due to the recent economic crisis and recession, it has affected many companies and organizations, both in the private and public sector. Standardize its food range world wide McDonalds should prepare future market strategies in order to face any unforeseen circumstances that might happen to the company. In my opinion, McDonalds should standardize its food range world wide as this can fulfill customers satisfaction, in terms of variety and flavour. For example, the McDonalds franchise in Malaysia and in India both have different range of food. McDonalds in India are served â€Å"McVeggie† and served â€Å"Ayam Goreng McD† in Malaysia. These prove that meals in India are more vegetable based meals. This can be due to the fact that probably the demand for vegetables are more compared to meat in India. Nevertheless, by standardizing the meals served in both countries. So that, Malaysian can enjoy the â€Å"McVeggie† meal and Indian can enjoy â€Å"Ayam Goreng McD†. Both of meals are represent both countries culture. This will be able to attract more customers as the variety of food has increased in order to fulfill customers satisfaction and both of countries people can know their cultural each other. Expanding Worldwide Networks McDonalds should be also expanding its network as this will help the company gain profit. McDonalds franchises are situated in almost every country in the world. The company should expand the franchise to the rural areas such as small towns and suburbs making it easier for the rural people to enjoy its services and foods. This can prove vital in increasing the profit of McDonalds as there are still many small towns and villages which are yet to be developed. Prior to this, the economic and political status of McDonalds in the countries will be strengthened thus gaining popularity among the rural areas. For example of small town have not McDonalds restaurant yet such as Sandakan and Tawau in Sabah areas. Serving the Best Balancing and Healthy Fast Food Many people around the world enjoy consuming fast food and equal amount of people are suffering and dying because of the same reason. The reason is simply because fast food is processed food and has a lot of preservatives such as salt, sugar, spices, and oil. These preservatives if consumed excessively can result in various health problems such as diabetes, and high blood pressure. Various types of food sold in McDonalds for example French fries and nuggets both have excessive oil added in the process which can be very fattening which can lead to obesity which is dangerous to human health. Many consumers especially in the U.S are suffering from obesity and other diseases due to the consumption of too much fast food. This will result in a drop in sales and slower growth rate of the restaurant thus preventing the company from making a profit due to a drop in demand and sales. In order to rectify this problem, and bringing profit to the company, McDonalds should reduce preservatives add ed in making their food for example, reduction of oil in the process of cooking their food. On the other hand, the restaurant should also have quality control over their food and beverages by making sure that all ingredients are equally added and not excessively. CONCLUSION From the above paragraphs, we can conclude that McDonalds is truly an ambitious corporation in terms of future planning, market strategies and other ideas thus making it one of the leading companies and fast food chain in the world. Based on the qualities the restaurant has, it is no doubt that the restaurant has proven that in order to be successful in the fast food industry, the company should build up good relationships with the franchisor, franchisee, as well as the supplier as this proves to be vital in this line of business as McDonalds can be taken as an example. However, certain points have been listed out as suggestions for the company to improve further in terms of products and services. By using international marketing mix, the restaurant is able to adopt in different countries in terms of politics, economics, social culture, and technology. This can prove vital for McDonalds Corporation as different countries have different backgrounds. Nevertheless, McDonalds still remai ns on top of the charts in the fast food sector in spite of the recent economic crisis. REFERENCE: Walker, Jr. et al., 1999. Marketing Strategy Planning and Implementation.3rd ed. United States: McGraw-Hill. David, J., 2001. Principles and Practice of Marketing. 3rd ed. United States: McGraw-Hill. Robert, D. and John, F.T., 2009. Business Marketing. 4th ed. United States: McGraw-Hill. Stuart, W. et al., 2010. International Business. 3rd ed. Pearson: Prentice Hall. Ricky, W.G. and Ronald, J.E., 2006. Business. 8th ed. Pearson: Prentice Hall. Uttara, M., 2008. Different Types of Advertising. [Online]. Available from:http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-advertising.html. [cited 01 December 2009] McDonalds India. McDelivery. [Online].Available from:http://mcdonaldsindia.net/Mcdelivery/index.htm [cited 01 December 2009] Vikram, B., 2003. Advertising does help in building brand recall, but advertising alone does not sustain a brand. [Online]. Available from:http://www.exchange4media.com/e4m/Brandspeak/brand_mcdonald.asp [cited 02 December 2009] Stephen, O., 2009. The Currency Converter. [Online]. Available from:http://coinmill.com/ [cited 02 December 2009] Amit, R., 2008. Case of McDonalds India Launch. [Online].Available from:http://www.scribd.com/doc/2303069/Case-McDonalds-India-Launch [cited 03 December 2009] McDonalds Malaysia. Menu Items.[Online].Available from:http://www.mcdonalds.com.my/ourfood/alacarte.asp [cited 03 December 2009]  · iFranchise Malaysia. McDonalds Franchise Business Opportunity. [Online].Available from: http://www.ifranchisemalaysia.com/mcdonalds-franchise-business-opportunity.html [cited 04 December 2009] Slinky, C., 2009. Marketing Plan of McDonalds 7ps. [Online].Available from:http://www.scribd.com/doc/19212964/Marketing-Plan-of-Mcdonalds-7-ps [cited 04 December 2009] Amit, R., 2008. McDonalds India Launch. [Online].Available from:http://www.slideshare.net/rangnekar/mcdonalds-india-launch-presentation [cited 05 December 2009] Abhishek, B. et al., 2009. Marketing Mix of McDonalds India. [Online]. Available from:http://www.scribd.com/doc/13142703/Marketing-MixMcdonalds-India [cited 05 December 2009] McDonalds Malaysia. Mission and Vision.[Online].Available from:http://www.mcdonalds.com.my/abtus/corpinfo/mission.asp [cited 06 December 2009]

Examine the role of processes in schools in producing different educational achievement among pupils from different social groups. :: essays research papers fc

Examine the role of processes in schools in producing different educational achievement among pupils from different social groups. Differential educational achievement is unquestionable affected by different social groups however this is not the only factor that affects the educational success of students. Members of working class place a lower value on education, they place less emphasis on formal education as a means to personal achievement, and they see less value in continuing school beyond the minimum leaving age. They place a lower value on achieving higher occupational status, when evaluating jobs they place emphasis on stability, security and immediate economic benefits and tend to reject the risks and investments involved in aiming for high status occupations. Job horizons tend therefore to be limited to a good trade. Manual and non-manual jobs account for differences in outlook and attitude, middle-class occupations provide an opportunity for continuous advancement in income and status but this is not the case for manual workers. They reach full earning capacity relatively quickly and are provided fewer opportunities for promotion. This would therefore affect the attitude of parents and this attitude and outlook on life would be passed on to the next generation. Pupils from w orking class origins would be socialized in certain situations, e.g. fatalism, immediate gratification, present time orientation and collectivism. Parental interests in their children education effects school achievement, middle class parents express interest in their children progress, they are more likely to want their children to do well and stay at school beyond the minimum leaving age level and so will encourage them to do so. Middle class children also tend to receive greater stimulus from their parents in the early years, which forms a basis for high achievement in the educational system. Different social groups have different life experiences and chances, the habitats of each group will be different and will lead individuals to make certain choices regarding behaviour. Through up bringing and education, people learn to be able to express good taste; those with legitimate taste can mix in the most culturally advantaged circles. This gives students with higher-class backgrounds more chance of success in education. Social inequality is reproduced in the educational system and as a result is legitimated, and is particularly effective in maintaining the power of the dominant classes. Social class is not the only thing that affects educational achievement. Ethnicity has been seen to affect the educational attainment of pupils; research by Drew (1995) found that Afro-Caribbean males were at the bottom of each class group in terms of attainment.

Nutrition and Fitness Paper

First step to a healthier new me would be to change my current fitness habit, which is not much other than teaching dance and walking to adding more activity to my week without losing sleep. After looking at what my current fitness routine is teaching two and half hours of dance a week and walking a week for two and half hours I noticed I needed to add more activity to my week. Within that first step is to set a goal of how much time is needed to be achieved a week and how much time is available to achieve that goal. Know at least thirty minutes every day is a healthy goal of activity.So adding at least one hour a week of an activity Is what I need to do. So adding WI Dance Routine twice a week for one hour will help out and give me an extra amount to achieve the goal and go above and beyond the goal. Second step is to improve the area of nutrition, I eat the three meals a day and I even snack a bit for the extra energy kick needed for the day. But nutritional habits are a lot like f itness habits, it focuses on eating right and exercising right. Habits are created to improve or even decrease who we are.So creating a healthy habit is essential to achieve the goal set in front of us. Poor nutrition can lead to obesity which can lead to medical problems in years to come. A normal family's lifestyle can result to unhealthy eating habits with stops at fast food chains. Families need that cooking time together to eat In a healthier way and create positive habits among the parents and the children. I know my eating habits still to this day are affected by my eating habits as a child. My mother worked day and night and my dad also worked long days and sometime nights.So dinner was to a none cooked meal, sometimes It was McDonald's or pizza. So now Tanat I work more than the average forty hour work week, I sometimes slip and eat that fast food because it is there and easy. Knowing that I know I need to make the changes to change my bad habits. Fitting healthy habits int o a hectic life is not easy but following a few steps to get more nutrition and fitness in a hectic life is necessary for any person who wants to make their fifth birthday. Here are a few things that can be put into play right now that can make healthy habits an easy part of the day to day routine.Areas that I have started to make improvements in my own health is in red and highlighted to show how little steps can make big steps later in life. Guarani Ph. D (n. D. ) 1. Drink water throughout the day (doing my best currently) 2. Cut back on the amount of soda and coffee drank in the day (already made some cut backs) 3. Replace high sugar foods with low sugar versions 4. Stock up on healthy, portable snacks (eating better snacks during my day) 5. Take the time to plan healthy meals for the week 6. Purchase frozen, ready to cook ingredients 7. Pack your lunch the night before 8.Cook double batches of what your cooking 9. Give yourself some slack 10. Fit in exercise as much as you can ( trying to add more fitness in during a busy work week) 11. Take a walk break during the day (getting up at work and Just walking around the office to stretch) 12. Whenever possible, walk (parking further in parking lots when I can to increase walking) 13. Get enough sleep (trying for more than six hours, tough but trying) Now going through this list I see many areas I can do to improve my health and I also see those ways can help improve my fitness levels and my stress level at the same time too.By adding some or all of these new healthy habits into my lifestyle today, it can improve the way I feel in no time at all. Making small steps for me can help promote a new look on my weight management and by doing that it will give me more energy during the day to increase my fitness plan for adding more fitness to my week. Those new habits would help diminish the old habits that have been taught or created over the years by my parent's poor habits. My mother and her mother were not small p eople and I don't want that type of life. They were not obese people but they were not healthy either, obesity is not Just being overweight.Obesity can lead to medical problems beyond weight. Obesity can lead to heart conditions, leg problems, back problems, and even mental problems. This is onto life I want and I want to make the changes now before it changes me. While reading the New York Times today, I came across this article that the government tells people how to eat better is to eat less. â€Å"The latest nutrition guidelines released Monday by the federal government reiterates of the advice from previous years: eat less salt and saturated fats, eat more fruits and vegetables and hole grains† (Martin, 2011, Para. ). With this information they tell us by eating the Dad we wall never lose ten welling Just Keep It on, unless you cut Deck Ana eat some more of the better. At the end of the article the writer states it simple â€Å"Cut back on the cheese, hamburgers, pizza, cookies and pastries† (Martin, 2011, Para. 23). So Just cutting back can change your life. Conclusion Like kids, adults need to make the right food choices to be healthy and must exercise to be healthy. Even in a busy lifestyle they need to make the correct choices f they, plan to live pas the age of fifty years old.My family created poor habits for myself and my brother and both of us noticed the problem and knew it had to change now rather than later. More adults are battling obesity today more than ever and that is because of the busy lifestyle we all lead. By making the changes now as young adults or adults in their mid thirties they can learn how to eat properly and exercise, better to make it to fifty years old healthier than they could of before the changes. Adults must exercise as much as they can, even with a busy lifestyle.

Afterlife essays

Afterlife essays At some point in everyones life they experience thoughts about death, whether that theyre positive or negative depends on their outlook on the after life. While some view death as only the beginning of their eternal life others view it as the absolute end. Living in fear of day will not allow one to live peacefully or happily because in reality everyones life eventually ends with death. Throughout the short story, The Death of Ivan Illych, death is personified as something terrible and threatens the main character, while in the poem, Death Not Be Proud the writer seems to be fear free of death. In the short story The Death of Ivan Illych as soon as Ivan recognizes his death he begin nothing but despair and uncertainty. He refused to accept the idea that death would take his life even though he was a unique and different person. The character is completely lost with the idea that death is just going to take away his life. His idea of death would something that he could feel coming so that he would know about it. As much as Ivan tried not to think about his death it seemed to bother him. We can see this clearly when the simile, It was like trying not to think of a toothache, when one in fact, has a toothache is used. The idea of death and the constant worrying about it tired him so much. Then we see the complete opposite in the poem, Death Be Not Proud. The writer seems fearless of death. The writer seems to mock death when he mentions that death is only found with poison, war and sickness. In the poem the use of personification, Death not be proud, though some have called thee Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so, gives the understanding that death is an equal and poses no threat. The writer gives the idea that death is only the beginning of our eternal life. The irony here is that while death is what kills people, in the...

The Search For Other Worlds Extrasolar Planets essays

The Search For Other Worlds Extrasolar Planets essays Earths Beyond Earth: The Search for Other Worlds In early 1990, the first extrasolar planet was detected, surprising everyone by its strangeness. More planets have now been discovered outside our solar system than in it. These planets present many great mysteries to the astronomical world. Extrasolar planets are planets that exist outside our solar system; they are orbiting a star other than our Sun. So far, eighteen have been found, all of them defying well-established theories about planets and how they operate (Winters, 46). As Stephen Maran said, The new discoveries remind us that ignorance is not just bliss, it is also a lack of imagination. The newfound planets show us not only that a solar system is not a rare commodity, but that ours may be plain vanilla. (73) Finding extrasolar planets is both difficult and complicated. The average star, for instance, is one hundred million times brighter than any planet orbiting it (De Grasse Tyson, 87). Picking out a planet against the glare of a star is like trying to spot a 100-watt light bulb next to a 100-billion-watt searchlight, says Michael Lemonick (54). Also, earth-size planets are too small to have any significant effect on their star, so they are almost impossible to detect (De Grasse Tyson, 88). There is, however , a way to find extrasolar planets without using direct sight: the Doppler Effect. When a star has a planet in its gravitational field, it makes the star appear as if it is wobbling by stretching the light waves and slightly changing the stars color (Maran, 75). A second method of finding a planet is to search through a disk of debris surrounding a star, such as Vega. Chances are that a planet will exist there (De Grasse Tyson, 87). Out of the detected planets, only a few have act ually been seen, being found by accident by either the Hubble Space Telescope or the Infrared Space Observatory (Lemonick, 53). In...

Critique on the Hunchback of n essays

Critique on the Hunchback of n essays Like many, my only exposure to the Hunchback has been through TV caricatures and the Disney bastardization. Forever distrustful of the Mouse Ears, I didnt know what to expect reading the real deal. Hugo is an awesome storyteller. While perhaps he could be guilty of rambling on at several points, his descriptions of 15th century Paris are vivid. His writing is very intriguing, he always struck my curiosity. I found myself empathizing with the pitiable situations of the Hunchback and his beauty, and even with the bad guy pathetic as he was. I also found myself thinking If only THIS had happened!!!! that is the fingerprint of a good book. But Hugos strongest aspect is his amazing characters. Claude Frollo is holy enough to take care of an abandoned and deformed child, yet - despite his virtue - he cant control his sexual frustrations to La Esmeralda. It is also interesting that despite the kindness Quasimodo shows toward her, she can hardly look at him. Hugo increases our sorrow when Quasimodo sees her beauty and feels all the more ugly: I never realized how ugly I am until now. Another great aspect of this book is that even though Frollo shows his dark side, Hugo does not permit us to forget his good points (Especially the part where we see the ingratitude of Frollos delinquent brother after all the kindness he treated him with). Another wonderful thing about this book is how its puts you right there with the character, and I found myself feeling what they probably wouldve been feeling. Tears fell from my eyes when Pacquette found her long lost Daughter and how she defended Esmeralda from the gallows. Even without any motherly instincts whatsoever I felt how great it would be to be reunited with my daughter and how heartbreaking at the same time to see her die right before my eyes, I would have given my own life too had I been Pacquette. The hars...

Counselling young people Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Counselling young people - Essay Example Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages that humans encounter throughout their life. The first stage, Trust vs. Mistrust, occurs from approximately birth to one year. Erikson (1950) defined trust as an essential trustfulness of others as well as a fundamental sense of ones own trustworthiness. He thought that an infant who gets fed when he is hungry and comforted when he needs comforting will develop trust. He also said that some mistrust is necessary to learn to discriminate between honest and dishonest persons. If mistrust wins over trust in this stage, the child will be frustrated, withdrawn, suspicious, and will lack self-confidence. The second stage, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, occurs between ages two and three. During this period it is important that the parents create a supportive atmosphere in which the child can develop a sense of self-control without a loss of self-esteem. Shame and doubt about the childs self-control and independence occur if basic trust was insufficiently developed or was lost such as when the childs will is broken by an over controlling parent. In this stage, Erikson said the child encounters rules, such as which areas of the house he is allowed to explore. The third stage, Initiative vs. Guilt, occurs between ages four and five. This is the stage in which the child must find out what kind of person he/she is going to be. The child develops a sense of responsibility that increases initiative during this period. If the child is irresponsible and is made to feel too anxious then they will have uncomfortable guilt feelings. Erikson (1950) believed that most guilt is quickly compensated for by a sense of accomplishment. Eriksons fourth stage, Industry vs. Inferiority, occurs between six years and puberty. This is the period in which the child wants to enter the larger world of knowledge and work. One of the great events of this

Consider the strengths of any civil claims that may be available for Essay

Consider the strengths of any civil claims that may be available for Jane, Bob, Sam, Dave and Mel to pursue - Essay Example He also adds that the car had only done 10,000 miles. These facts about the car impress Andy, and another seconding from his best friend Sam on the car, he accepts to purchase it for  £8,000. Andy leaves HOTMOTORS happy after getting what he wanted and thinking it was a hot bargain, only to later realize that the sales representative fooled him into buying an old junk. For instance, that very day he causes an accident when he bumps into Jane, the motorist in front of him at a road junction near his home, after the brakes of the car failed to work properly, and thus, he has to pay up Jane for the damages caused on her car. In addition, he experiences more problems with the car in a four weeks period after its purchase, inclusive of an unusual wear of the tyres, which then requires a replacement with four new ones at the cost of  £360. The HOTMOTORS garage also fails to fix the problems on Andy’s car when he takes it to them owing to the backlog of work. After this incident, Andy realizes the true condition of his car when an experienced mechanic at the garage looks and examines its state. Dave confirms that to Andy everything contrary to what he previously believed was the true condition of the car. For starters, the car is worth nothing, but a mere  £40 as scrap because of its old conditions and demanding repairs such as a 100,000 mileage, requirement of a new engine and a gearbox. Andy refuses to pay the mechanic’s bill of  £150 out of anger, and drives out to his friend’s house who advised him to buy the car. He smashes his friend’s car, a new BMW causing him damages worth  £3,000 in retribution, and then drives to HOTOMOTORS where, finding the sales representative, punches him in the nose causing him to bleed for lying to him about the condition of the car. The wife of the sales representative faints after witnessing the bloody state of her husband falls down and suffers a concussion leading to a perm anent memory loss. Although the

Cognitive theories do not provide a full explanation of autism Assignment

Cognitive theories do not provide a full explanation of autism spectrum conditions. Discuss - Assignment Example It is the goal of this paper to discuss autism spectrum conditions, cognitive theories which aim to provide an understanding of it, the failure to achieve this and the reasons for the failure that relate to the complex nature of autism. What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) defines Autism Spectrum Disorders as â€Å"a group of developmental disabilities characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behaviour†. Being a spectrum disorder or condition, this also implies that autism is manifested according to a range of degree of severity (Baron-Cohen 2008). ASDs are conditions that largely affect the social abilities of a person and consequently the progress to most aspects of developmental growth. ASDs are generally recognized through its main symptom which is reliably detected, that is the deficiency in verbal and nonverbal communication (Baron-Cohen e t al. 1985). On one side, it may appear that an individual with ASD is completely deficient of social skills, language and key learning capabilities. In this case, this is diagnosed as classic autism (Baron-Cohen 2008). ... These two extremities are both recognized under ADS. Common characteristics of these diagnoses are the strong inclination of the individual to engage in routinary and repetitive activities, and that they can be exceptionally consumed in topics of their interest. It is reported that 1% of the population have autism (Baron-Cohen 2008; Gillberg 2004). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders It is alarming that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (2012) Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network (ADDM) reports that one in 88 children in United States has been identified with ASD. ADDM was able to identify in their studies that ASD reaches its peak manifestation at age 8 while symptoms are typically revealing even before the age of 3 years old (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012). Understanding the ASD by methods of research and regular discussions indeed shows necessity at this current time as not only individuals and their families are bein g affected by this phenomenon. It can be regarded as a national and worldwide issue. The rise of ASD cases is expected as projected by a simple model created from various sources of autism data. Rogers 2011 shows a forecast of adults with autism to increase by over 600% using any extrapolation assumption. The care, support and management of ASDs are costly. In the United States, it costs over $12,000 to educate students with disabilities annually while for adults, it costs about $50,000 to $100,000 to support in a living set-up. These figures still vary according to age range of autism and also life longevity. Thus, this poses an imperative area of research for more detailed knowledge and understanding on the occurrence and extending of ASD cases.

Essay on Contemporary Comparison Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Contemporary Comparison - Essay Example The onset of Islam as a religion led to many getting and understanding its vision of establishing itself as a formidable spiritual ground alongside other religions. This began with the creation of Islamic based civilization in the Middle East, the Persian states and later in the Turkish states. The 13th century saw the joining of Africa and Asia as major forces of Islamic traditions. Unlike many other religions, Islam came up and provided a neutral ground for its followers. It did not discriminate in terms of race or color. This led to the creation of a strong, unshakable and one minded group of followers. It also gave all its believers the chance to further their knowledge in any field whatsoever just as long as this knowledge did not in any way interfere with the spiritual standpoint of Islam. It also allowed for those not incorporated into the Islamic religion to participate in any intellectual exercise so long as it benefited the whole community. Those who embraced Islam had a ch ance to further their civilization after the rise of Islam. Such groups such as the Persians who were advanced in their ways of living and trade advanced further after they embraced Islam. After the death of its founder Prophet Mohammed, Abu Bakr became the first caliph. He was the leader of Islamic religion for two years then Umar took over. Umar enabled Islamic religion to capture more grounds and get more followers in the east as well as the west therefore bringing the Persian region, Egypt and Syria under its fold. He advocated for the other religions as well. This was evident when he led the march of Muslim followers into Jerusalem to demand the security of Christian strongholds. He also saw the creation of a financial set up to cater of Muslims finances. Afterwards Uthman took over leadership and is highly credited to have made copies of the Holy Quran and distributed them across the world where Muslims were. During the Umayyad caliphate the capital of Islam was in Damascus bu t this was moved to Baghdad by the Abbasids. This saw the transformation of Baghdad into a strong political stronghold of the entire world. The Abbasids were in a leadership position for a little over 500 years whereby afterwards they began loosing the sense of authority they wielded thus remaining with only symbolic influence. The sultans wielded the military authority. During the reign of Abbasids several empires came into existence for instance the Fatimid’s and the Mamluks who had vast authority in Egypt and the Palestine. This reign saw the many crusades that the Pope advocated for and that got vast support from leaders in Europe. The Pope’s greatest motivation for such crusades was majorly to reclaim the holy land of Jerusalem that had transformed from a Christianity stronghold to an Islamic stronghold. This was possible in the beginning and some parts that had shifted to Islam were transformed to Christianity such as some regions in Syria, although this did not last under the reign of the decorated Muslim ruler Saladin who reclaimed these regions and saw to the downfall of the crusaders. During the time when the Abbasids came to power, one prince who belonged to the former leadership of Umayyad made a get away and went to Spain where he established Umayyad leadership. This became the onset of Islam in Spain for the next two centuries until the downfall of t

Humanities 425 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humanities 425 - Essay Example Lennox, but still she is able to handle it by busying herself with her passion, that is for agriculture. In the fifth chapter, we notice the change in Mary's disposition as she wanders the moor (page 58). Mary has always known of her connection with nature. She amuses herself by tending to her gardens in India. But back in India, she was kept hidden and deprived of the outdoors. In Misselthwaite Manor however, she was left to roam as she pleased. Both the climate and the landscape presented a determining influence upon her health and well-being. Revelation: Finally knowing the truth that has always been told. Nature gives warnings before natural calamities occur. She also provides cure for diseases of both man and animal. But then, nature can reveal herself only when man is ready to heed her. Chapter eight tells of a gust of wind that brought about Mary's discovery of the door to the secret garden (page 95). It is in that garden that the real improvement in Mary starts to appear. She has changed for the better. She even selflessly shared to Dickon her secret. Renaissance: Starting Anew from an Epiphany. Nature is a part of us and we are a part of nature. Human life cannot be sustained, let alone achieve well-being, apart from the resources of nature. For this, nature must be man's object of moral concern. Colin Craven used to be very frail and ill-tempered. ... Renaissance: Starting Anew from an Epiphany. Nature is a part of us and we are a part of nature. Human life cannot be sustained, let alone achieve well-being, apart from the resources of nature. For this, nature must be man's object of moral concern. Colin Craven used to be very frail and ill-tempered. But when he was shown the garden, he felt very determined to live (page 267). He feels that the garden was especially made for him. He even decided to spend everyday there to aid in his recovery. The human race is made up of differing ideals. Righteous to some may be utterly unacceptable to others. Let us look at the least appropriate relationship man can have with nature. Superiority Complex: A Misconception The Patriarch and a Tiger, a 13th century painting , shows a rather dominating man leaning on a sleeping tiger. Man is not the master of all creation. He is just an overseer. He is allowed to take only what he needs. He is tasked to take care and not to exploit. The greedy beings of the human race use man's superiority in intellect as a lousy excuse to consume nature's resources in order to feed their lust for money and power. This misconception is yet again stated in the book Utopia by Thomas More, "a living according to Nature, and think that we are made by God for that end (Traveling,pg. 48)". To appoint oneself such power over nature is such a disgraceful and even arrogant act. Absolute Knowledge: A Fool's Belief The book Utopia by Thomas More has this certain passage, "They knewastronomy, and were perfectly acquainted with the motions of theheavenly bodies, and have many instruments, well contrived and divided, by which they very accurately compute the course and positions of the sun, moon, and stars (Traveling,pg. 46)". When man starts to think

Choose two poems from the book Donkey Gospel and argue for a single Thesis

Choose two poems from the book Donkey Gospel and argue for a single theme supported by both poems - Thesis Example This paper gives an insight into two of his famous poems from the very collection, and how the two may be compared to each other on the basis of stark humour. The poet is not afraid to go all out and make comments about everyday things that might end up hurting others. This is because, he has tried to make everything simple and help people understand the spirit and jest hidden in everything. His writing style elucidates the kind of writing a man with an open conscience would be able to carry out well. The two poems chosen for the purpose of analysis within this paper are ‘Jet’ and ‘Reading Moby Dick at 30,000 Feet’. Both the poems have the element of humour within them explained with the help of examples taken from life’s perspective. â€Å"On earth, men celebrate their hairiness, and it is good, a way of letting life out of the box, uncapping the bottle to let the effervescence gush through the narrow, usually constricted neck.† (Hoagland, Ton y) These lines have been taken from the poem titled Jet, and they talk about the obviousness that a person must go through in life, in order to understand its true meaning. Adept with deep humour, the lines talk about how a man has no choice but to celebrate the joy of life with what he has, even if it is his own bodily hair, and doing this is the best way by which one can let go of himself. He has tried to make an analogy of a person’s imagination and mind with that of champagne gushing out of the narrow neck of a glass bottle. The humour in the lines can be seen in the way Hoagland has tried to portray the simplicity of life; equipped with personal hair. He means to tell his readers that a person might not have much but even facial or body hair is enough to get him out of the rat race that everyone seems to be so inherently a part of. In his other poem titled â€Å"Reading Moby Dick at 30,000 Feet, he writes, â€Å"I would estimate the distance between myself and my own f eelings is roughly the same as the mileage from Seattle to New York, so I can lean back into the upholstered interval between Muzak and lunch, . . .† (Hoagland, Tony) Through these very lines, the poet has again tried to make humorous comparisons of life with analogies taken from everyday routines that people undergo. He has tried to depict how human emotions and feelings do not only play up when a person wants them to do so, against or for someone else. Feelings are something that is strong enough to distance a man from his own self too. So in accordance to the same, he writes that his feelings are as far away from himself as the distance there is between Seattle and New York and the best part about embarking upon this long journey of figuring out what his feelings are actually, is that during the interim period, a person is able to relax into his calm sub conscious mind and make travels to and fro the various nooks and crannies in the corner of one’s mind (between mus ic and lunch, or other aspects of daily living.) Both these poems thus are very similar to one another on the basis of the theme that they have been written in. They both talk about certain fundamental questions of life and how to counter a person’s emotions. Both poems have strong analogies with a certain hint of humour equipped in them as well. Even though the poems might answer different questions altogether, they do fall into line while coming

Essay on Contemporary Comparison Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

On Contemporary Comparison - Essay Example The onset of Islam as a religion led to many getting and understanding its vision of establishing itself as a formidable spiritual ground alongside other religions. This began with the creation of Islamic based civilization in the Middle East, the Persian states and later in the Turkish states. The 13th century saw the joining of Africa and Asia as major forces of Islamic traditions. Unlike many other religions, Islam came up and provided a neutral ground for its followers. It did not discriminate in terms of race or color. This led to the creation of a strong, unshakable and one minded group of followers. It also gave all its believers the chance to further their knowledge in any field whatsoever just as long as this knowledge did not in any way interfere with the spiritual standpoint of Islam. It also allowed for those not incorporated into the Islamic religion to participate in any intellectual exercise so long as it benefited the whole community. Those who embraced Islam had a ch ance to further their civilization after the rise of Islam. Such groups such as the Persians who were advanced in their ways of living and trade advanced further after they embraced Islam. After the death of its founder Prophet Mohammed, Abu Bakr became the first caliph. He was the leader of Islamic religion for two years then Umar took over. Umar enabled Islamic religion to capture more grounds and get more followers in the east as well as the west therefore bringing the Persian region, Egypt and Syria under its fold. He advocated for the other religions as well. This was evident when he led the march of Muslim followers into Jerusalem to demand the security of Christian strongholds. He also saw the creation of a financial set up to cater of Muslims finances. Afterwards Uthman took over leadership and is highly credited to have made copies of the Holy Quran and distributed them across the world where Muslims were. During the Umayyad caliphate the capital of Islam was in Damascus bu t this was moved to Baghdad by the Abbasids. This saw the transformation of Baghdad into a strong political stronghold of the entire world. The Abbasids were in a leadership position for a little over 500 years whereby afterwards they began loosing the sense of authority they wielded thus remaining with only symbolic influence. The sultans wielded the military authority. During the reign of Abbasids several empires came into existence for instance the Fatimid’s and the Mamluks who had vast authority in Egypt and the Palestine. This reign saw the many crusades that the Pope advocated for and that got vast support from leaders in Europe. The Pope’s greatest motivation for such crusades was majorly to reclaim the holy land of Jerusalem that had transformed from a Christianity stronghold to an Islamic stronghold. This was possible in the beginning and some parts that had shifted to Islam were transformed to Christianity such as some regions in Syria, although this did not last under the reign of the decorated Muslim ruler Saladin who reclaimed these regions and saw to the downfall of the crusaders. During the time when the Abbasids came to power, one prince who belonged to the former leadership of Umayyad made a get away and went to Spain where he established Umayyad leadership. This became the onset of Islam in Spain for the next two centuries until the downfall of t

Choose two poems from the book Donkey Gospel and argue for a single Thesis

Choose two poems from the book Donkey Gospel and argue for a single theme supported by both poems - Thesis Example This paper gives an insight into two of his famous poems from the very collection, and how the two may be compared to each other on the basis of stark humour. The poet is not afraid to go all out and make comments about everyday things that might end up hurting others. This is because, he has tried to make everything simple and help people understand the spirit and jest hidden in everything. His writing style elucidates the kind of writing a man with an open conscience would be able to carry out well. The two poems chosen for the purpose of analysis within this paper are ‘Jet’ and ‘Reading Moby Dick at 30,000 Feet’. Both the poems have the element of humour within them explained with the help of examples taken from life’s perspective. â€Å"On earth, men celebrate their hairiness, and it is good, a way of letting life out of the box, uncapping the bottle to let the effervescence gush through the narrow, usually constricted neck.† (Hoagland, Ton y) These lines have been taken from the poem titled Jet, and they talk about the obviousness that a person must go through in life, in order to understand its true meaning. Adept with deep humour, the lines talk about how a man has no choice but to celebrate the joy of life with what he has, even if it is his own bodily hair, and doing this is the best way by which one can let go of himself. He has tried to make an analogy of a person’s imagination and mind with that of champagne gushing out of the narrow neck of a glass bottle. The humour in the lines can be seen in the way Hoagland has tried to portray the simplicity of life; equipped with personal hair. He means to tell his readers that a person might not have much but even facial or body hair is enough to get him out of the rat race that everyone seems to be so inherently a part of. In his other poem titled â€Å"Reading Moby Dick at 30,000 Feet, he writes, â€Å"I would estimate the distance between myself and my own f eelings is roughly the same as the mileage from Seattle to New York, so I can lean back into the upholstered interval between Muzak and lunch, . . .† (Hoagland, Tony) Through these very lines, the poet has again tried to make humorous comparisons of life with analogies taken from everyday routines that people undergo. He has tried to depict how human emotions and feelings do not only play up when a person wants them to do so, against or for someone else. Feelings are something that is strong enough to distance a man from his own self too. So in accordance to the same, he writes that his feelings are as far away from himself as the distance there is between Seattle and New York and the best part about embarking upon this long journey of figuring out what his feelings are actually, is that during the interim period, a person is able to relax into his calm sub conscious mind and make travels to and fro the various nooks and crannies in the corner of one’s mind (between mus ic and lunch, or other aspects of daily living.) Both these poems thus are very similar to one another on the basis of the theme that they have been written in. They both talk about certain fundamental questions of life and how to counter a person’s emotions. Both poems have strong analogies with a certain hint of humour equipped in them as well. Even though the poems might answer different questions altogether, they do fall into line while coming

Children of Polygamy Essay Example for Free

Children of Polygamy Essay With reasonable guidelines in place to prevent human right violations, should polygamy be legal in Canada? First of all, a clear definition of the term is required: â€Å"Polygamy occurs when one husband is married to two or more wives† (Ozkan,M et al,215) . This scenario is not common in North America however has been known to occur in the past. To gain an insight to the world of polygamy, it seems that research has been undertook investigating its effects in areas of the world where it is more common, for example, the Muslim world. The decision as to whether Polygamy should be legal in Canada will be based on the research found on the effects of Polygamy on both the children of the senior and junior wife. â€Å"A senior wife is defined as a woman who was followed by another wife into the marriage. A junior wife is the most recent wife joining the marriage† (Al-Krenawi,447). In-depth research has taken place into the emotional, psychological and behavioural effects on children from polygamous families, as well as the effects on academic achievement compared to that of monogamous families. Most experts agree that children from Polygamous families are negatively affected by polygamy in terms of their academic achievement, behaviour, and their emotional and physiological stability. Therefore, Polygamy should not be legal in Canada, in order to protect children from the harmful effects associated with it. An Investigation into the effects on education on Bedouin-Arab school children showed significantly higher scholastic achievement in the children from monogamous families when compared with children from polygamous families, based on grades in Hebrew, Arabic, Arithmetic and reading comprehension, recorded in their school files. (Krenawi Lightman, 350) As for behavioural problems, Krenawi, Graham et al describe how the â€Å"Competition for support and resources among wives in polygamous families may lead to tensions between co-wives and between the children of different co-wives† (456). The conflicts between the wives are often fuelled by jealousy which, in turn, increases the chances of conflict between the siblings of the wives. The increase in conflict and violence is likely to result in earlier drop out from school and higher probability of succumbing to other social problems such as drugs. (Krenawi Lightman,353). Al-Krenawi’s journal links the children’s behavioural problems with their emotional state: â€Å"Jealousy, competition and fighting among the different wives leads to the children regarding the children of the other wife not as siblings but as enemies. The resulting hatred and hostility affected the children both emotionally and socially. † (37). Research has shown that â€Å"Such problematic maternal psychosocial dynamics, in turn, may adversely influence adolescents’ self-identity, self-esteem and psychological well-being† (Shek 159). Self-esteem is looked at in great deal throughout the research. Krenawi and Graham define self-esteem as a wish to think well of one’s self; It also relates to self-respect and the person’s perception of worth. Children from polygamous families are especially prone to this, due to low-interest from their fathers, especially children of senior wives. Studies showed lower parental interest, lower interest when compared with other siblings contributed to low self-esteem among children in polygamous families. (457). Another table from this journal has results which show children from Polygamous families scored higher in areas including depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation and psychotism and scoring lower in family functioning (which includes relationships, functioning and communication within their family) as well as the self-esteem test. (452), We see that these psychological problems that polygamous children face are the major contributor to their lack of academic achievement, it is not as first thought a direct consequence of polygamy. It is more of an indirect consequence of polygamy. Observing from another perspective, evidence is found by Cherian that reveals â€Å"A positive and statistically significant relationship was found between parental interest and children’s academic achievement, regardless of whether the family was monogamous or polygamous† (736). Throughout the research into polygamy there were occasions where interviews were conducted with members of polygamous families, first hand evidence can be very powerful however we see contrasting views here first we will look at those in favour of polygamy. In the paper ‘Polygamy and its Impact on the Upbringing of Children’ by M. Khasawneh et al, we see a mother asked about the impact of polygamy, to which she answers â€Å"Did not affect the children† (577). There is also a statement from a child who states â€Å"Polygamy is a very appropriate process†. Clearly displays that both the mother and a child of polygamy both seem to support polygamy. However, if we look at the experts’ opinion of the mother Khasawnehs’ paper, we see that they believe that the wives views may not be accurate. Since the families would be aware of their responses, it made it difficult for the wife to make an honest declaration, as this could negatively affect her family life (572). Although there is little doubt that the child’s statement was not an honest one, we see that there are other responses which do not show the children in favour of polygamy. Although a number of children believed that their fathers did not discriminate between or separate them, several also did not approve of polygamy and seen it as â€Å"something they were forces to adapt to† (572). This view is further supported by a child who is asked their opinion and views on polygamy to which he answers: â€Å"Polygamy is for necessity only, and with conditions to be just and fair. I do not support polygamy at all no matter what the reasons are. † (577). Another child answers the same question with: â€Å"I encourage polygamy because there is a large number of girls. † (577) This brings up the condition which is very important for polygamy: If there is an imbalance in the ratios of male to female then it is a valid argument that polygamy is a solution to spinsterhood. However Referring back to the question on Canada, we find from Statistics Canada online that the population of males and females is approximately equal 17. 6 to 17. 3 million (StatCan) . As for the argument on education, although we have observed that parental interest influences both monogamous and polygamous children’s academic achievement, equally, it is clear that other behavioural, emotional and physiological factors contribute and can potentially have a harmful effect on academic achievement too. In conclusion it is clear, from studies on Polygamy in Muslim countries, that there is overwhelming evidence to show that Polygamy has a detrimental effect on the upbringing of children, and this is made clear in the research surrounding its negative effects on the wives, the senior wives in particular. Krenawi and Graham make that point that in order to reduce problems which associated with polygamy arising, early interventions by school officials and other services may help improve academic achievement, socioeconomic status as well as improved family functioning. (455) . Referring back to the idea of parental interest being a big contributor to the academic achievement of the children no matter what family structure they belong to however it is clear to see that a father will have a certain about of time available to give to his children if this time which was once for one family alone is not split between 2 families in 2 different households, it becomes obvious that it will become impossible for the father to give an equal amount of his time that he was able to give in the past. Therefore even with reasonable guidelines put in place ,possibly similar to the one practiced in Muslim countries, where the husband must prove he can financially look after his wives and children, I still feel there are a far greater number of disadvantages to this and therefore it should not be made legal in Canada. Word Count (1,442) Bibliography Al-Krenawi,A. Graham. J. R Sonim-nevo, V. (2002) Mental Health Aspects of Arab-Israeli adolescents from polygamous versus monogamous families. Journal of social Psychology, 142, 446-460. Al-Krenawi, S. Lightman, (2000). Learning, Achievement and Family conflict Among Bedouin-Arab children from polygamous and monogamous families. The journal of social psychology 140(3), 345-355. Cherian,V. I. (1993) . The Relationship between Parental interest and academic achievement of Xhosa Children from Monogamous and Polygamous families. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 733-736. M. Khasaweh,o,Y. Hijazi, H. Salman. N( 2011). Polygomy and Its Impact on the Upbringing of children. A Jordanian Perspective, Journal of Comperative Family Studies. 563-577 Ozkan,M,Altindag,A. ,Oto R Sentunali,E (2006) . Mental Health Aspects of Turkish Women from Polygamous Versus Monongamous Families. Turkey. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, (52), 214. Shek,D. T. L (1998) A Longitudinal Study of the Relation between Parental-adolesent conflict and adolescent psychological well-being. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159, 53-67.

Surgical Treatment Method of Isthmic Spondylolisthesis

Surgical Treatment Method of Isthmic Spondylolisthesis Comparison of Two and Three Vertebral Segment Posterolateral Fusion in the Treatment of Isthmic Spondylolisthesis Serkan BILGIC, Omer ERSEN, Tolga EGE, Kenan KOCA, Selahattin OZYUREK, Safak EKINCI, Erbil OGUZ, Ali SEHIRLIOGLU ABSTRACT Background Optimal surgical treatment method of isthmic spondylolisthesis remains unclear. Complications can be invited while saving a segment for lumbar motion. Objective The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the effect of the number of fusion levels on the clinical results of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis patients who had undergone posterior instrumentation and PLF. Patients and Methods This retrospective study comprised 37 (20 male, 17 female) patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis who had undergone posterior instrumentation and PLF (Postero-lateral fusion) between January 2005 and May 2011. Pre and post-operative radiological evaluation was made by anteroposterior, lateral, oblique and lateral flexion-extension x-rays. Preoperative spondylolisthesis slippage grading was evaluated according to the Meyerding classification from the preoperative radiographs. Results The mean age of the patients was 36.4 ± 9.2 years and the mean follow-up period was 34.3 months. Two-level fusion was applied to 22 patients and single-level fusion was applied to 15 patients. Decompression was performed on 7 patients in the two-level fusion group and on 6 patients in the single-level fusion group. There were no neurological complication after surgery in either group. No union complications were seen in the two-level PLF group but in the single-level PLF group, screw loosening occurred in 3 patients and screw breakage in 1 due to the pseudoarthrosis. These four patients were revised with two-level PLF. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that two-level posterior instrumentation and PLF with local bone grafts and DBM have significantly better clinical and radiological results than single-level surgery. To avoid potential complications of PLIF, two-level PLF can be an alternative treatment option. Key words:Istmic spondylolisthesis, Posterior lumbar interbody fusion, Fixation Background Lumbar spondylolisthesis is present in about 5% to 6% of the population with various etiopathogenesis. Due to its variant pathological anatomy, the radiological appearance, age and clinical aspect of the patients are different on diagnosis. It generally starts as spondylolysis, a bilateral pars fatigue fracture and becomes spondylolisthesis with a slip of a vertebra over the adjacent one. As the slip increases, disc degeneration and pain starts (1-3). Although conservative treatment is the first treatment option, surgery for symptomatic spondylolisthesis in adults has been found to have better clinical results than conservative treatment choices (3, 4). However, it remains unclear which surgical strategy should be adopted, as there is limited scientific evidence on which to base an optimal treatment method. Discussions on spondylolisthesis treatment have generally focussed on reduction, fusion levels, graft choices, and surgical techniques (5-7). One of the most preferred surgical treatment options for spondylolisthesis is posterior transpedicular instrumentation of the relevant segments and posterolateral fusion (PLF) (5, 7). However, it is still a matter of controversy in literature as to how many levels should be fused and instrumented. Objectives The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the effect of the number of fusion levels on the clinical results of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis patients who had undergone posterior instrumentation and PLF. Materials and Methods This retrospective study comprised 37 (20 male, 17 female) patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis who had undergone posterior instrumentation and PLF between January 2005 and May 2011. Patients with spondylolisthesis other than Type 2 according to the Wiltse classification were excluded from the study. Pre and post-operative radiological evaluation was made by anteroposterior, lateral, oblique and lateral flexion-extension x-rays. Preoperative spondylolisthesis slippage grading was evaluated according to the Meyerding classification from the preoperative radiographs. The decompression decision was made preoperatively according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and patients preoperative neurological evaluation. Preoperative and postoperative neurological status, duration of surgery, number of fused and instrumented levels, total blood loss and complications were evaluated from the clinical database. For clinical evaluation of surgical outcomes, the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) a nd Visual Analog Scale (VAS) applied at the final follow-up were used. 3.1 Surgical procedure: Exposure was obtained from the spinous processes to the transverse processes bilaterally throughout segments planned for fusion. Under fluoroscopic control, 6.5 mm pedicle screws were placed by free-hand technique. No reduction manoeuvre was used. Decompression of the segments, which had been determined by preoperative MRI and clinical examination was performed for the patients with neurological deficit. In all cases PLF was performed. In the area planned for fusion, the spinous processes were resected, peeled off from soft tissues and used for grafting with demineralized bone matrix. Patients were mobilized with a soft brace on the first postoperative day and the brace was continued for 3 months. (Figure 1, 2) 3.2 Statistical analysis We used the SPSS software package (version 15.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL) and expressed categorical variables as percentages and continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (quartiles). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate whether the distribution of continuous variables was normal. For parameters that showed normal distribution we used the paired sample t test and for parameters that did not show normal distribution the Mann-Whitney U-test was used. Chi-square test was used to analyze categorical variables. Statistical significance was set at p Results All patients had a history of at least 3 months of lumbar pain due to the spondylolisthesis, which had proved to be resistant to conservative treatment. The mean age of the patients was 36.4 ± 9.2 years and the mean follow-up period was 34.3 months. Low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis was present at L5-S1 level in 23 patients, at L4-5 level in 13 patients and at L3-4 level in 1 patient. Two-level fusion was applied to 22 patients and single-level fusion was applied to 15 patients. Decompression was performed on 7 patients in the two-level fusion group and on 6 patients in the single-level fusion group. There were no neurological complications after surgery in either group. Mean duration of surgery for single-level and two-level surgery was 160 minutes and 190 minutes (160-240), and average blood loss was 285 ml and 390 ml respectively. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of demographic properties (Table 1). One of the patients in the two-level PLF group had superficial infection and was treated with debridement and antibiotheraphy. No union complications were seen in the two-level PLF group but in the single-level PLF group, screw loosening occurred in 3 patients and screw breakage in 1 due to the pseudoarthrosis. These four patients were revised with two-level PLF. (Figure 3) ODI scores from the final follow-up were 12.2 ±6.2 in the single-level PLF group, and 9.2  ± 6.4 in the two-level PLF group (p=0,035). VAS scores were 3.2 ±1.7 in the single-level PLF group and 2.9 ±1.6 in the two-level PLF group (p=0.043). The ODI and VAS scores of the patients revised with two- level PLF were excluded from the clinical evaluation. Discussion Lumbar spondylolysthesis has several etiopathogenetic factors as was shown by Marchetti and Bartolozzi giving rise to variations in pathological anatomy, radiological findings, age and clinical symptoms of the patients on diagnosis. When conservative treatment options fail, surgery becomes the next step. Although there have been a large number of studies on spondylolisthesis, there is no clear evidence for a single superior treatment option. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) and PLF with/without instrumentation are the most widely accepted surgical methods. Whilst PLF with instrumentation is the most preferred treatment for most authors, there is no scientific evidence showing that PLF is disadvantageous compared to PLIF or circumferential fusion (8-11) even though the major theoretical advantage of PLIF and circumferential fusion seems to have resulted in improved outcomes compared with PLF. Ekman et al (12) found that the type of fusi on, whether PLIF or PLF, did not affect the outcome of surgical treatment of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis over a two year follow-up period. Furthermore, PLIF is a more invasive, technically more difficult method requiring a longer operative time, which may result in increased blood loss and higher complication rates (12, 13). Similarly, Kim et al. could not demonstrate any difference between ALIF and PLF with instrumentation (11). Although circumferential fusion was reported as significantly better than PLF at 6 months and 1 year in a study by Swan, no difference was determined at two years (14). In a systematic review of 29 high quality studies, Jacobs and al. found no difference between different fusion techniques (15). In the current study the treatment choice was PLF with instrumentation which is a relatively easy method with a shorter operating time and lower blood loss compared to other techniques in literature. When performing PLF, slip reduction can be achieved during the same procedure. The advantages of slip reduction include improved spine biomechanics, better nerve root decompression and a better opportunity for fusion by relieving tension and shear forces (5). Although the major disadvantage of slip reduction is increased risk of neurological injury, there have been numerous studies evaluating slip reduction for adult low grade spondylolisthesis (14, 16-18). In the current study, slip reduction was not performed to avoid the possibility of potential neurological damage and as all the cases had low grade isthmic spondylolisthesis. To protect one more mobile segment, some authors have preferred single-level postero-lateral instrumentation and fusion instead of two-level (6, 13, 15). However, there is no scientific proof to help determine the number of fusion levels and this decision is based on the surgeon’s empirical experience. In a prospective study by Inage et al, two-level fusion with local bone grafts was shown to cause increased pseudoarthrosis (6). Similarly in a study by Deguchi et al, single-level fusions showed an 82% fusion rate, and two-level fusions, a 74% rate radiologically (19). Higher fusion rates in the two-level fusion group were achieved with rigid spinal implants. The clinical success of that study correlated with the radiological fusion rates. Contrary to the information in literature, local bone grafts mixed with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) were used in the current study to achieve union for both groups and no union problem was seen in the two-level fusion group. Pseudoarthros is was observed in four cases in the one -level fusion group. Although some authors have reported incongruity between the clinical results of spondylolisthesis patients and union rates, VAS and ODI are the most reliable clinical tests to evaluate spondylolythesis (9, 10, 20). The results of the current study reveal that two-level posterior instrumentation with PLF has better results than single-level surgery according to VAS and ODI. This study has some limitations. Firstly, the retrospective design did not allow for uniformity of the groups. The number of patients was also limited to achieve generalized results. Although the pedicle screws were all 6.5 mm in size, they were not all from the same manufacturer, so implant problems were disregarded. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that two-level posterior instrumentation and PLF with local bone grafts and DBM have significantly better clinical and radiological results than single-level surgery. To avoid potential complications of PLIF, two-level PLF can be an alternative treatment option. References 1.Floman Y. Progression of lumbosacral isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults. Spine. 2000;25(3):342-7. 2.Fredrickson BE, Baker D, McHolick WJ, Yuan HA, Lubicky JP. The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 1984;66(5):699-707. 3.Osterman K, Schlenzka D, Poussa M, Seitsalo S, Virta L. Isthmic spondylolisthesis in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, epidemiology, and natural history with special reference to disk abnormality and mode of treatment. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1993(297):65-70. 4.Moller H, Hedlund R. Surgery versus conservative management in adult isthmic spondylolisthesisa prospective randomized study: part 1. Spine. 2000;25(13):1711-5. 5.Floman Y, Millgram MA, Ashkenazi E, Smorgick Y, Rand N. Instrumented slip reduction and fusion for painful unstable isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults. Journal of spinal disorders techniques. 2008;21(7):477-83. 6.Inage K, Ohtori S, Koshi T, Suzuki M, Takaso M, Yamashita M, et al. One, two-, and three-level instrumented posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine with a local bone graft: a prospective study with a 2-year follow-up. Spine. 2011;36(17):1392-6. 7.Zagra A, Giudici F, Minoia L, Corriero AS, Zagra L. Long-term results of pediculo-body fixation and posterolateral fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2009;18 Suppl 1:151-5. 8.Bernhardt M, Swartz DE, Clothiaux PL, Crowell RR, White AA, 3rd. Posterolateral lumbar and lumbosacral fusion with and without pedicle screw internal fixation. Clinical orthopaedics and related research. 1992(284):109-15. 9.Fischgrund JS, Mackay M, Herkowitz HN, Brower R, Montgomery DM, Kurz LT. 1997 Volvo Award winner in clinical studies. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis: a prospective, randomized study comparing decompressive laminectomy and arthrodesis with and without spinal instrumentation. Spine. 1997;22(24):2807-12. 10.Herkowitz HN, Kurz LT. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with spinal stenosis. A prospective study comparing decompression with decompression and intertransverse process arthrodesis. The Journal of bone and joint surgery American volume. 1991;73(6):802-8. 11.Kim NH, Lee JW. Anterior interbody fusion versus posterolateral fusion with transpedicular fixation for isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults. A comparison of clinical results. Spine. 1999;24(8):812-6; discussion 7. 12.Ekman P, Moller H, Tullberg T, Neumann P, Hedlund R. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion versus posterolateral fusion in adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. Spine. 2007;32(20):2178-83. 13.Madan S, Boeree NR. Outcome of posterior lumbar interbody fusion versus posterolateral fusion for spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. Spine. 2002;27(14):1536-42. 14.Swan J, Hurwitz E, Malek F, van den Haak E, Cheng I, Alamin T, et al. Surgical treatment for unstable low-grade isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults: a prospective controlled study of posterior instrumented fusion compared with combined anterior-posterior fusion. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society. 2006;6(6):606-14. 15.Jacobs WC, Vreeling A, De Kleuver M. Fusion for low-grade adult isthmic spondylolisthesis: a systematic review of the literature. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2006;15(4):391-402. 16.Sears W. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion for lytic spondylolisthesis: restoration of sagittal balance using insert-and-rotate interbody spacers. The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society. 2005;5(2):161-9. 17.Spruit M, van Jonbergen JP, de Kleuver M. A concise follow-up of a previous report: posterior reduction and anterior lumbar interbody fusion in symptomatic low-grade adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2005;14(9):828-32. 18.Suk SI, Lee CK, Kim WJ, Lee JH, Cho KJ, Kim HG. Adding posterior lumbar interbody fusion to pedicle screw fixation and posterolateral fusion after decompression in spondylolytic spondylolisthesis. Spine. 1997;22(2):210-9; discussion 9-20. 19.Deguchi M, Rapoff AJ, Zdeblick TA. Posterolateral fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults: analysis of fusion rate and clinical results. Journal of spinal disorders. 1998;11(6):459-64. 20.Ohtori S, Suzuki M, Koshi T, Takaso M, Yamashita M, Yamauchi K, et al. Single-level instrumented posterolateral fusion of the lumbar spine with a local bone graft versus an iliac crest bone graft: a prospective, randomized study with a 2-year follow-up. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society. 2011;20(4):635-9. Tables Table 1. Paramaters of groups during surgery 1

Neuroscience and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences Essays -- Biolog

Connections Between Neuroscience and the Theory of Multiple Intelligences: Implications for Education The old paradigm of students as empty vessels waiting to be filled with knowledge has given way to the constructivist belief that students continuously build understandings based on their prior experiences and information. The idea of a fixed intelligence has given way to a more flexible perception of gradual intellectual development dependent on external stimulation (6) Our intelligence, therefore, is our singular, collective ability to act and react in an everchanging world (1) In my first two web papers I researched two defined disorders, ADHD and Autism, following a train of thought which began with a question: given that the apparent bottom line concerning the human nervous system is that each of us is unique in our neural patterns, where do we draw the line between defining something as a disorder versus simply a difference? This has led me to think more generally about the notion of human variability, particularly with regards to learning abilities and intellectual achievement. I believe that our society has too narrowly defined these phrases, with the negative result that people who do not learn or achieve within these proscribed boundaries are considered lacking. This is true even with regards to the earliest days of schooling, and is reflected in traditional methods used to teach children. The ultimate, destructive result is that children who fall outside our educational protocols are at risk for feeling useless, worthless and unappreciated. Recent decades have seen a dramatic rise in our understanding of the neurobiology behind the way the brain works. The common denominator in brain research is variability... ...m the 21st Century Learning Initiative http://www.newhorizons.org/ofc_21clicaine.html 13)Principles of Multiple Intelligence Theory by J. Keith Rogers http://www.harding.edu/USER/cbr/WWW/midemo/prin.html 14)The Theory of Multiple Intelligences http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/users/zahraar/mil.htm 15)Matters of Style by Richard M. Felder http://www2.ncsu.edu/unity/lockers/users/f/felder/public/Papers/LS-Pri%20sm.htm 16)An Interview with Howard Gardner by Ronnie Durie http://www.newhorizons.org/trm_duriemi.html Other Sources: Armstrong, Thomas. Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom. Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1994. Delcomyn, Fred. Foundations of Neurobiology. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1998. Gardner, Howard. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1983.

Justice and Revenge in The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd Essay

Justice and Revenge in The Spanish Tragedy by Thomas Kyd Throughout 'The Spanish Tragedy', by Thomas Kyd, there is a constant theme of justice and revenge. Justice is the supreme law of the land; without justice, a country would fall into disrepute and those who are readily concerned with the status of society would have no grounds to stand upon. Therefore, those in power venerate justice. Revenge, however, upsets the delicate balance that holds Spanish society together. Hieronimo does his best to maintain a civil attitude towards incrimination and justice, but his plans for revenge lay waste to the very law he professes to adore. A series of carefully plotted steps, coupled with thoughts of revenge, reveals the descent of Hieronimo into madness and thereby fueling his rejection of justice. As Hieronimo contemplates his actions, he begins arguing with himself and the gods over the death of his son. He brings his case before the heavens questioning the effective nature of justice. This is the first instance where Hieronimo is doubtful of justice. Hieronimo states: If this inhuman and barbarous attempt, If this incomparable murder thus Of mine, but now no more my son, Shall unrevealed and unrevenged pass, How should we term your dealings to be just, If you unjustly deal with those that in your justice trust? (3.2.6-11) These lines provide the foundation for Hieronimo to seek out revenge instead of allowing the courts to decide the fates of the murderers of his son. Hieronimo is clearly angry and infuriated that the murderers have yet to be discovered. This is the moment ... ...l a facility of Hieronimo, he would have realized that killing others does not achieve a resolution, but propagates even further confusion and chaos. Revenge is a maliciously deviant instrument that seeks to redefine an imbalanced society, but ultimately fails due to its irrational nature. Hieronimo was unable to achieve justice for his son, Horatio, so he turned to the grim specter of revenge. Without justice, the Spanish society was unable to sustain itself and Hieronimo only further exacerbated this tension. In the end, Hieronimo was a victim of the very crime he pursued to bring to justice throughout the play: murder. By retracing the steps of Hieronimo, one can see that revenge eventually swallowed Hieronimo whole leaving him bereft of any moral fiber. Bibliography: Kyd, Thomas. The Spanish Tragedy. Ed. Philip Edwards. London: Methuen, 1959.

American Dream in Great Gatsby

The American Dream was an important theme in the book, The Great Gatsby. Every single character was somewhat involved or motivated by the American Dream vision. In the Great Gatsby, American Dream symbolized the â€Å"freedom and opportunity to better yourself and your situation. Characters had different ideas of going through the American Dream. Gatsby loved money, reinvention, and the American Dream.He planned to reinvent himself for a woman that was put on such a igh pedestal, that when brought down, his world had become something of an illusion. Daisy became a sort of goal, a symbol for wealth, that he basically makes her lose her humanity in his eyes. A sort of paradigm in which she was an object, when he won her it meant he was what he always wanted to be. By the end, the real shocker that brought him back to earth, that made him realize Daisy was an actual human, was seeing Patricia, Daisy's daughter. Another character that symbolized the American Dream was Myrtle.Her only go al was to better her situation, such as being very materialistic and greedy. She decided to have an affair with one of the most unavailable and wealthiest men in the city. She was in the â€Å"relationship† not because of love or lust, but because of money. Someone that symbolized the American Dream in a positive way was Nick. He was from a family of old money yet he was willing to give up his family money and work hard. Nick wanted to build up his old name. Money was never very important to him as it was for the others.He actually understands how the American Dream corrupts the minds of all trying to achieve it. Nick was disillusioned with the American Dream by seeing how it immorally unethical it was. Yellow (such as silver and gold) that means corruption wealth and dishonest and white that means fapde and pure are colors that represent an egg which is a major symbol in the Great Gatsby. A theme of Self-Discovery and Intolerance was directly directed to Nick. He knew he wan ted to find himself and create his name not live off of what his family has.The theme of the green light represented Gatsbys hope, renewal and rebirth of this new relationship with Daisy. Gatsbys motivation to move forward and better his situation Just to be with Daisy starts with that green light. It basically Just means plain wealth to him. Red was a symbol connected to Nick because he is the only one that does not think corruptly. Red symbolizes death in which Nick has seen people's true self die out because of the American Dream.

R.K Narayan Biography Essay

R. K. Narayan (born 1906) is one of the best-known of the Indo-English writers. He created the imaginary town of Malgudi, where realistic characters in a typically Indian setting lived amid unpredictable events. Rasipuram Krishnaswami Narayanswami, who preferred the shortened name R.K. Narayan, was born in Madras, India, on Oct. 10, 1906. His father, an educator, travelled frequently, and his mother was frail, so Narayan was raised in Madras by his grandmother and an uncle. His grandmother inspired in young Narayan a passion for language and for people. He attended the Christian Mission School, where, he said, he learned to love the Hindu gods simply because the Christian chaplain ridiculed them. Narayan graduated from Maharaja’s College in Mysore in 1930. In 1934 he was married, but his wife, Rajam, died of typhoid in 1939. He had one daughter, Hema. He never remarried. Narayan wrote his first novel, Swami and Friends, in 1935, after short, uninspiring stints as a teacher, an editorial assistant, and a newspaperman. In it, he invented the small south Indian city of Malgudi, a literary microcosm that critics later compared to William Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha County. More than a dozen novels and many short stories that followed were set in Malgudi. Narayan’s second novel, Bachelor of Arts (1939), marked the beginning of his reputation in England, where the novelist Graham Greene was largely responsible for getting it published. Greene has called Narayan â€Å"the novelist I most admire in the English language.† His fourth novel, The English Teacher, published in 1945, was partly autobiographical, concerning a teacher’s struggle to cope with the death of his wife. In 1953, Michigan State University published it under the title Grateful to Life and Death, along with his novel The Financial Expert; they were Narayan’s first books published in the United States. Subsequent publications of his novels, especially Mr. Sampath, Waiting for the Mahatma, The Guide, The Man-eater of Malgudi, and The Vendor of Sweets, established Narayan’s reputation in the West. Many critics consider The Guide (1958) to be Narayan’s masterpiece. Told in a complex series of flashbacks, it concerns a tourist guide who seduces the wife of a client, prospers, and ends up in jail. The novel won India’s highest literary honor, and it was adapted for the off-Broadway stage in 1968. At least two of Narayan’s novels, Mr. Sampath (1949) and The Guide (1958), were adapted for the  movies. Narayan usually wrote for an hour or two a day, composing fast, often writing as many as 2,000 words and seldom correcting or rewriting. Narayan’s stories begin with realistic settings and everyday happenings in the lives of a cross-section of Indian society, with characters of all classes. Reviewing Narayan’s 1976 novel The Painter of Signs, Anthony Thwaite of the New York Times said Narayan created â€Å"a world as richly human and volatile as that of Dickens.† His next novel, A Tiger for Malgudi (1983), is narrated by a tiger whose holy master is trying to lead him to enlightenment. It and his fourteenth novelTalkative Man (1987) received mixed reviews. In his 80s, Narayan continued to have books published. He returned to his original inspiration, his grandmother, with the 1994 book Grandmother’s Tale and Other Stories, which Publishers Weekly called â€Å"an exemplary collection from one of India’s most distinguished men of letters.† Donna Seaman of Booklist hailed the collection of short stories that spanned over 50 years of Narayan’s writing as â€Å"an excellent sampling of his short fiction, generally considered his best work† from â€Å"one of the world’s finest storytellers.† Narayan once noted: â€Å"Novels may bore me, but never people.† R.K. Narayan was born in Madras, South India, in 1906, and educated there and at Maharaja’s College in Mysore. His first novel, Swami and Friends and its successor, The Bachelor of Arts, are both set in the enchanting fictional territory of Malgudi and are only two out of the twelve novels he based there. In 1958 Narayan’s work The Guide won him the National Prize of the Indian Literary Academy, his country’s highest literary honor. In addition to his novels, Narayan has authored five collections of short stories, including A Horse and Two Goats, Malguidi Days, and Under the Banyan Tree, two travel books, two volumes of essays, a volume of memoirs, and the re-told legends Gods, Demons and Others, The Ramayana, and the Mahabharata. In 1980 he was awarded the A.C. Benson Medal by the Royal Society of Literature and in 1982 he was made an Honorary Member of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. Narayan died in 2001. Works of R.K.Narayan (a) Novels: 1.Swami and Friends (1935) 2. Bachelor of Art (1973) 3. The Dark Room (1938) 4. The English Teacher (1945) 5. The Guide (1958) 6. The Painter of Signs (1976) (b) Story Collections : 1. Malgudi Days 2. Dodu and Other Stories 3. Cyclone and Other Stories 4. Gods, Demons and Others (1964) (c) Autobiography : 1. My Days (1974) 2. My Dateless Diary (1960) (d) Other Works : 1. Ramayana. It is an English version of the Tamil epic by Kamban