Incorporating inevitable Change into an Organization - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1730 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? In the recorded history of mankind, the only thing that has remained constant is the tendency of change (Paton and McCalman 2008). Heffron (1968) mentions that change is inevitable for individuals, organizations, and society, such as technology changes, values and attitudes change, goals and needs change, resource availability changes, laws change, political control of government changes (p:152). Organizations are faced with an imperative demand for change. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Incorporating inevitable Change into an Organization" essay for you Create order In order to incorporate change towards betterment and success, change management is necessary. The management of change in organizations is a combination of managerial activities that set and install new values, norms, behaviors and attitudes, and processes within an organization that develops new ways of doing things and helps overcome potential resistance towards the change. Resistance is avoided by building consensus among the stakeholders for proposed change/changes and by incorporating customers aspiration into the organizations output and which can exceed their expectancies in a better way. Change management involves planning; testing and implementing various transitional aspects of proceeding towards a new organizational structure or business process (Gai, 2003). It should be recognized that the difference in the organizational structure i.e. shapes, size configuration and value styles, necessitate different change management approaches. Factors Promoting Change Champy and Nohira identify three major drivers of change. They mentions that there are three major drivers stirring organizational change faster than ever before are as follows: technology, government and globalization (Champy and Nohria, 1996). Technology, increasingly forces organizations to re-structure their business operations and processes by providing newer and better ways of managing information. It also help creates new business models that were earlier not possible. The impact of technology can be understood within the context of Koberg framework of change which is developed on the previous work of Herbig. This framework identifies change as: ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ procedural (management-determined innovations in rules and procedures); personnel related (innovations in selection and training policies, and in human resource management practices); process (new methods of production or manufacturing); and structural (modifications to equipment and facilities and ne w ways in which work units are structured) Koberg et al. (2003: p.24), following Herbig (1994). Technology often brings about procedural, personal, process and structural change in organizations. However, in the prevailing business environment, globalization is acknowledged as the most influential driver of change. It has forced many businesses, of different shapes, sizes, configurations, and values styles regardless of their host economies to reform their business operations and restructure their positions to thrive in a broader and less restricted market. (Dawson, 2003:114). Globalization proposes many challenges that require multi-faceted and complex strategies to deal with change rather than a single focus strategy. Globalization brings greater demands for innovation and creativity by reducing the life cycles of products, and higher needs for cutting price and providing better quality and more value by increasing competition. Therefore, it can be concluded that the extraneous factors initiate the drive for change, while the internal factors determine how and what type of change should be adapted to meet the demand of external forces. Change Management Approaches Management literature describes various ways of managing change. These ways can be categorized as continuous or episodic, planned or emergent, transactional, transformational, rational or chaotic, revolutionary or evolutionary, adoptive or adaptive change. All these change management approaches can be applied in relation to their extent and scope of dealing with developmental, transactional and transformational change (Ackerman, 1997). It should be noted that no single approach a right or wrong, as they effectiveness depends upon various internal and external factors that cannot be quantified easily. This part of the essay concentrates of the two popular approaches of managing changes i.e. planned and emergent and soft and hard systems approach approach according to the type of change and organizational context with example. Planned and Emergent Approach When the word management is associated with change, it is very easily through of as a planned and deliberate process which come as a result of conscious reasoning and cognitive actions. It is often perceived as a rational outcome of an explicit cause and effect process. However, it is widely recognized that change often occurs in a spontaneous or emergent way. McGreevy provides a clear rationale for change management as an emergent rather than planned strategy. He mentions that when managers make decisions that are apparently unrelated to the original intention they tend to be based on unspoken, and sometimes unconscious, assumptions about the organizations, its environment and the future (Mintzberg, 1990) and are, therefore, not as unrelated, as they may seem at first. Such implicit assumptions dictate the direction of seemingly disparate and unrelated decisions, thereby shaping the change process by drift rather than design. Such changes may reflect the unconscious scanning of th e managerial landscape associated with changes in political and socio-economic environments, market conditions, competition, customer expectations and the impact of technology. This rationale for change management approach adheres to that emergent view of strategy development process first proposed by Mintzberg. Mintzberg proposed an emergent view of strategy development which does not see strategy as an essentially a linear and rational process. It is a process which does not have a defined set of objectives and main components prior to its commencement. However, it should be noted that Mintzberg acknowledges the merit in both planned and emergent approach of strategy development i.e. both the approaches can be merged to form a combination of strategy process and are not essentially mutually exclusive. He mentions that: The popular view sees the strategists as a planner or as a visionary; someone sitting on a pedestal dictating brilliant strategies for everyone else to implement . While recognizing the importance of thinking ahead and especially of the need for creative vision in this pedantic world, I wish to propose an additional view of the strategists- as a pattern recognizer, a learner if you will- who manages a process in which strategies and vision can emerge as well as deliberately conceived. (Mintzberg 1987) Both these approaches can be combined in the strategy making process change management. These approaches can combine to work like a human brain which integrates both the intuitive and emotional right side and the rational and cognitive left side. Both these sides of the human brain are essential for a sound decision. Soft or Hard Systems Approach Perspectives drawn from the soft tradition of organizational theory described to be inspired by social sciences particularly sociology-inspired, views of organisations. They tend to emphasise the informal, the qualitative and the human aspects of organizations and change management approach. The soft system approach is often called the Human relations approach. Key adherents of this approach include Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow, and Douglas McGregor. Unlike hard systems approach, it does not view organizations from a necessarily mechanical perspective. Soft systems approach has 3 main propositions; People are emotional rather than economic rational beings: Human needs are far more diverse and complex than the one dimensional image that Taylor and his supporters conceded, Peoples emotional and social needs can have more influence on the work behaviour than financial incentives, and Organisations are co-operative, social systems rather than mechanical ones: People seek to meet their em otional needs through the formation of informal but influential workplace social groups (Burnes 1996:47). Application of Change Management Strategies and their effectiveness This part of the essay presents the application of the aforementioned change management strategies and analyses them through a specific example. For the purpose of analysis, the beverage industry giant Coca-Cola Company has been chosen for evaluation. Currently the Coca-Cola Company is one of the largest companies and no 1 in cold beverage sector in the world. Coca-Cola has a very high brand equity. The company currently offers more than 400 brands and operates in more than 200 states around the world. It is said that Coca-Cola serves 1.6 billion servings each day (The Coca Cola Company 2008). Through its history of establishment, Coca-Cola gained   during the World War II. The company became more prolific amidst the war. Despite the uncertain economic and social conditions due to the war, Coca-Cola successfully attained a status of a patriotic symbol by offering free drinks to the American soldiers across the warzones. Therefore, the victory of United States and its alli es brought intangible benefits to the company and opened a window of opportunity for the Coca-Cola Company to rigorously expand its operations by setting up franchises (Hitt el at 2007). The nature of change can be either technical or people oriented. Technical change is merely mechanical such as component upgrade change. A hard systems approach for change management is applied under a reasonable plan for this type of change as it is considered to be a change in static, isolated environment. An appropriate change management methodology should adhere to Taylors view of strategy development and therefore, should be mechanistic involving a certain amount of intellectual cognitive input. It should be basically prescribed, with clear quantitative objectives. On the other hand, change can be people oriented which is much more complex, with unclear objectives and time scales and dynamic environment. People oriented change management approach must incorporate the emotional aspect of peop le and adhere to the soft systems approach. Applying mechanistic methodologies for this type of change can often lead to failures. During the course of World War II, Coca Cola Company went through an imperative challenge of coping up with political and economical uncertainty and unfavorable business conditions. A people oriented approach for change management was required to respond to the fallout of war. At this time, instead of lying low, Coca-Cola became more active by providing free drinks to the US soldiers during the war. The company sought out to create a brand value and customer loyalty through an emergent approach. Its strategy to serve free drinks to American soldiers and its allies was without any quantifiable and planned performance indicators for change management. Through an emergent approach of change management, Coca-Cola capitalized upon the individual relationships and emotions of its consumers. The company successfully maintained its status and created an opportun ity to penetrate new markets. It successfully became patriotic symbols which ultimately lead to a better brand equity and greater consumer loyalty. It paved its way for a post war expansion. Therefore, it can be concluded that change management strategy is essentially not rational or linear and can be emergent and based on emotional aspects of consumers and employees. Changes that are not merely mechanical should be dealt with an emergent approach adhering to the soft systems model.

Child Labor Ethical Dilema - 1357 Words

Ethical Dilemma – Global Child Labor The pressure to produce goods inexpensively has driven companies to seek low-cost areas for producing those goods. In the quest to compete with low-cost discounters such as Wal-Mart, companies have been increasingly driven to overseas markets to produce their goods. Within the textile arena, especially, this phenomenon is occurring with regularity. One look at the label of the clothing in ones closet reveals clothing that was produced in Bangalore, Honduras, China, Bombay, and other far-flung regions throughout the world. As the world becomes smaller and the global marketplace increases, companies have been establishing plants in nations in which the labor costs are cheap. While many deride†¦show more content†¦Although the United States has advanced to the point that children are not generally pressed into service to help support the family, other nations around the world are still in transition from an agrarian society to an industrial age. As they make this transition, they are experiencing the same struggles, and some new ones, that the United States experienced in its early years. The dilemma, for global companies, is to decide whom they will hire. If they hire children, they need to anticipate a backlash due to the practice. Wal-Mart, the worlds largest retailer, very publicly faced a child-labor issue when its Kathie Lee line was found to have been producing clothing using child labor in sweatshop-like environments in Nicaragua, Honduras, and in the United States in plants in Manhattan (Ortega, 1998). When investigative reporters and watchdog groups revealed what was happening, Kathie Lee Gifford, the spokesperson for the line, was mortified. She took Wal-Mart to task in public statements, and stated that she was very disappointed that they had not enforced proper ethical practices in their plants (Ortega, 1998). She and her husband established a foundation and assisted immigrants and women an d children in poorer nations, and invested millions of her own dollars to address the issue. Wal-Mart established inspection teams to police the practicesShow MoreRelatedEthics Game1353 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand how to make ethical decisions using a decision model. Ethical Issue #1-Presented during my shift We have a 16 year old pregnant patient (RB), in her tenth hour of labor. Her parents are present and have been with her the entire time. They have chosen to limit medication and assistance available citing personal reasons. Her primary nurse is (YN) is concerned that given her current status, the situation could become critical for the patient and her unborn child. The fetus is not in distress

Scenario Free Essays

Decision Form Period 5 Company____ 3 COPY I Price (per unit) Advertising Sales Corporate Identity Market research report Market 1 3090 EUR 6 mEUR MEUR Yes: ? x 2 Market 2 4420 FCU mEUR 3 Market 1 no. of ppl. Market 2 no. We will write a custom essay sample on Scenario or any similar topic only for you Order Now of ppl. Yes: ? Yes: ? Value Analysis 1 2 Sales Staff 120 90 Bid price for tender 2699 EUR/unit Relaunch (I – old) Introduction (I – new) Ecology 2. 6 4. 8 Technology COPY I – old COPY I – new COPY II – new 35 50 o. of ppl. no. of ppl. no. of ppl. COPY I RD mEUR mEUR mEUR mEUR mEUR mEUR Purchasing Input Materials/Parts 30,000 units COPY I Production Volume Production Lines Investment Disinvestment Maintenance Rationalization 50,000 units Type B no. of new lines no. of line(s) mEUR /line mEUR /line 1 3 Type A no. of new lines no. of line(s) mEUR /line 1 mEUR /line 1. 6 Type C no. of new lines no. of line(s) mEUR /line mEUR /line Production Process Optimization Investment in Environmental Technology Production Staff – hire (+) / dismiss (-) Training Non-salary costs Short Term Loans Long Term Loans Purchase of securities Dividends . 3 . 20 mEUR mEUR ppl. mEUR % mEUR mEUR mEUR % of net income Financing 5 30 COPY I Planned figures Sales Revenue* Return on equity Cash-Flow Market 1 100 mEUR % 15 10 mEUR Market 2 50 mEUR * Sales Revenue without Bulk Buyer and Request for Bids TOPSIMÂ ® – General Management | Version 13. 0 | Decision Form 8 Periods – Standard Scenario www. topsim. com How to cite Scenario, Papers

Grade Language Arts Essay Example For Students

Grade Language Arts Essay Have thought a lot about my language arts teacher today and how do not want to lose her. My mom has a teacher she used to have that has a mode that says once a student always a student and that is true for the two of us because we are friends!!!! Will still be reading a lot next year because she encouraged me to and because learned a life lesson that is what reading can do for your life and I hope I can teach my friend Jean that lesson!! Will remember my teacher forever and hope she knows that I Will miss her very much!!!!! She has changed y life because have my love for reading back and have realized that it would be stupid Of me to feel like am not a good reader or writer ever again. I have a special place in my heart for her and even though I may not be living In Kentucky when grow up Will still remember her! Will remember her until I die and when come home to see my parents may be able to see her!!!!!! Love her so much and she loves me to. We are so close that I am praying to see what the best thing is for me to do for my career and where he wants me to live. I have a feeling that e is telling me to live in Kentucky near my parents and to work at the middle school and live in New York in the summer times to work with Jean!!!!! I may go live in New York while Im getting my teacher degree so that can help Jean get the Bakery Shop started. Thats just in case Mrs Animating is still working at the middle school when I get out of college. Am going to college for a total of 8 years, but I am getting my teacher degree first and then am getting a music degree online instead with my cousin. So that means that in eleven years which hat is including 8th grade I would be trying to get a job at the middle school, will see what the lord wants me to do, but do feel that he is telling me to do that hope can do that without my friend Jean getting mad. I want to teach Language arts because Mrs Animating has taught me a lot of things emotionally that want to teach other people especially the lesson have learned about what reading can do for your life. Also want to teach language arts so that can encourage people to love to read just like Mrs Animating has done for me.